Archaeologists open a cave in Gibraltar sealed 40,000 years ago that could rewrite the history of Neanderthals

The Gorham’s Cave Complex, located on the coast of Gibraltar, has been the focus of archaeological excavations that have uncovered artifacts documenting a rich culture and the daily habits of its ancient inhabitants. Researchers also discovered a cave system and a hidden chamber that had remained sealed for 40,000 years.

Although the caves were first discovered in 1907, systematic archaeological excavations did not begin until the 1980s. These efforts revealed the site’s extraordinary historical and scientific value.

So far, no skeletal remains of Neanderthals or Homo sapiens have been found inside the caves. However, there is clear evidence of human activity dating back approximately 100,000 years.

Some of the most compelling evidence comes from the study of marine organisms. Excavations uncovered large quantities of mussel shells, as well as bones from fish, seals, and dolphins. According to researchers, it is impossible that these remains entered the cave naturally through tides or waves.

Further analysis has shown that some of these remains were processed with knives and other cutting techniques, reinforcing the hypothesis of long-term human occupation.

Engraved floors

The cave floors also feature engravings with geometric patterns. While there is some debate over who created these markings, most experts believe they were made by Neanderthals.

More recent research at the site has identified a hearth dating back 60,000 years. It was likely used to produce birch tar, a thick, sticky substance used by prehistoric peoples to attach handles to tools or weapons.

If expert estimates are correct, some of the last Neanderthals in the world may have lived in Gorham’s Cave and its surrounding area, making this site a key location for the study of European prehistory.

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