HEALTH
What causes bird flu and how dangerous is it?
Bird flu primarily affects birds, but some strains can pose a risk to humans if the illness is contracted.
Bird flu, also known as avian influenza, is a respiratory illness primarily affecting birds. Health authorities have been preparing a round of vaccinations to prevent an outbreak this summer.
Bird flu is caused by a type of influenza A virus. These viruses can infect a wide variety of birds, both wild and domestic, including chickens, ducks, and geese. There are numerous strains of avian influenza, but most don’t pose a threat to humans. However, some strains, like H5N1 and H7N9, have caused concern due to their ability to infect people.
Bird flu and humans
The risk of bird flu transmission to humans is generally low. People typically get infected through close contact with infected birds, dead or alive. This could involve touching infected birds, inhaling dust or droplets from them, or coming into contact with contaminated surfaces or environments.
The danger posed by bird flu for humans varies depending on the strain. Some people infected with certain strains may experience no symptoms or only mild illness. However, certain strains such as the H7N9, (HPAI) A(H5N1) and A(H5N6) viruses are highly pathogenic, causing severe respiratory problems, organ failure, and even death.
Preventing the spread of bird flu
There are steps you can take to minimise the risk of bird flu infection:
- Avoid handling sick or dead birds, both wild and domestic. Wear gloves and a mask if you must handle them.
- Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water after handling birds or bird products, or being in areas where birds congregate.
- Don't touch your face. This can transfer any potential virus from your hands to your eyes, nose, or mouth.
- Ensure poultry reaches an internal temperature of 165°F (74°C) to kill any potential virus.
Avoiding contact with sick or dead birds, practicing good hygiene around poultry, and properly cooking poultry products are essential precautions.