The coach’s challenge system was created to allow teams to contest decisions that may impact the game’s outcome, ensuring fair and accurate officiating.

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Can coaches get a 3rd challenge? The NFL red flag rules explained

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Born in Chicago, Joe played varsity football and baseball in Bowling Green, Ohio for BGHS and later played lacrosse at BGSU. A year abroad in Spain changed everything. As destiny would have it he ended up living in Zaragoza, running his own business, teaching Journalism at a private university then working as a SEO journalist for Diario AS.
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We all make mistakes. NFL referees aren’t the only ones who don’t get it right all the time. That’s why the league has given coaches the red flags to challenge calls.

The NFL’s coach’s challenge system is an attempt to guarantee fair and accurate officiating, allowing teams to contest specific decisions that may impact the game’s outcome. This system lets head coaches contest certain on-field decisions during the game.

Here’s an overview of how the challenging system works in the NFL:

Section 3 - Reviewable rulings

The Replay System will cover the following play situations:

  1. Plays involving possession
  2. Plays involving touching of either the ball or the ground
  3. Plays governed by the goal line
  4. Plays governed by the boundary lines
  5. Plays governed by the line of scrimmage
  6. Plays governed by the line to gain
  7. Number of players on the field at the snap
  8. Game administration
  9. Penalty enforcement.
  10. Proper down.
  11. Spot of a foul.
  12. Status of the game clock.
  13. Disqualification of a player


Article 1: Coach challenges

  1. The Head Coach can initiate a challenge by throwing a red flag onto the field of play before the next legal snap or kick.
  2. A team that commits a foul that prevents the next snap can no longer challenge the previous play. The non-fouling team can still challenge the previous play, and both teams can benefit from the review.
  3. The Head Coach may challenge on-field rulings except for those plays that only the Replay Official can review
  4. Each challenge requires an available team timeout. A team that is out of timeouts, or has used all its available challenges, may not attempt to initiate a challenge.
  5. A team that initiates a challenge when the team is not permitted to challenge will be charged a team timeout.
  6. Penalty: For initiating a challenge when a team has exhausted its timeouts: Loss of 15 yards enforced as a foul between downs.
  7. If a challenge is unsuccessful, the team will be charged a timeout.
  8. A team will be permitted a third challenge if it is successful on at least one of its A fourth challenge will not be permitted.


Review Process:

  • Once a challenge is initiated, the referee and the designated replay official review the play using available camera angles and technology.
  • The referee communicates with the league’s officiating command center in New York during the review process.

Decision Outcome:

  • If the review overturns the original call on the field, the challenging team retains its challenge and is not charged with a timeout.
  • If the review confirms the initial ruling, the challenging team loses a timeout, and the coach loses the right to challenge for the remainder of the game.
  • In the final two minutes of each half and during overtime, all reviews are initiated by the replay official in the booth, not by a coach’s challenge.

Automatic Reviews:

  • The booth automatically reviews Certain plays, including scoring plays and turnovers. Coaches do not need to use a challenge for these reviews.

How does a booth review work in the NFL challenge rules?

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During the final two minutes of each half of a football game, a replay official or NFL replay command center in New York can initiate a replay review if they identify a play that requires further assessment. Additionally, the replay official automatically reviews every scoring play, turnover, and player disqualification.

What aspects of the game can and cannot be reviewed via replay?

The replay can determine possession, field position, out-of-bounds, and disqualifications. Only a few things cannot be reviewed.

The following aspects of plays are not reviewable:ing to the NFL rule book, some elements are not eligible for review:


  1. Whether an erroneous whistle sounded;
  2. Whether a ball was illegally batted or kicked;
  3. Whether a passer intentionally grounded a pass;
  4. Whether an ineligible receiver was downfield before a pass;
  5. Whether a receiver was illegally contacted;
  6. Whether a block was illegal; and
  7. Any aspect of a play not listed as reviewable in Section 3 of this Rule.

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