What are the symptoms of bird flu in humans? How does avian flu spread?

As dairy farmers across the United States are intensifying their efforts to combat the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), commonly known as bird flu, the virus continues to affect livestock across multiple states. The U.S. Department of Agriculture has reported cases in North Carolina, Texas, Kansas, Ohio, Michigan, Idaho, New Mexico, and most recently, South Dakota.

What’s the current avian flu situation?

The outbreak has prompted these farmers to implement stringent measures, including prohibiting visitors, clearing trees to deter wild birds, and disinfecting vehicles entering their premises. In response to the threat, some farmers have even surpassed government recommendations in enhancing safety protocols. Additionally, measures such as the removal of trees to deter wild birds during migration are being adopted to minimize the risk of transmission.

The recent cases have heightened concerns among farmers and health authorities about the potential spread of the virus to both animals and humans. While bird flu primarily affects poultry, it can lead to reduced milk production in dairy herds. Although cows appear to recover from the virus, lactating cows are particularly vulnerable, necessitating isolation measures to prevent contaminated milk from entering the food supply.

The implications extend beyond dairy production, as fears of reduced demand for milk and cheese have arisen, impacting futures prices in the market. While there have been no confirmed cases of the virus in cattle raised for meat, the broader agricultural sector faces uncertainty regarding the virus’s transmission and its impact on livestock.

Bird flu response

In response to the outbreak, the USDA has issued recommendations to minimise cattle movement and enhance monitoring and testing protocols. Additionally, states have imposed additional requirements on livestock shipments to safeguard their herds. Farmers, including those from Indiana and Illinois, are taking proactive steps such as disinfecting truck wheels and isolating animals to mitigate the risk of infection. Despite these efforts, challenges persist, particularly in open-aired barns where exposure to wild birds remains a concern.

Avian flu symptoms in humans

Avian influenza viruses primarily infect birds, but they can occasionally jump to humans, leading to severe respiratory illness and, in some cases, fatalities. The symptoms of bird flu in humans can vary widely in severity, ranging from mild to severe. Common symptoms include:

It’s crucial to note that individuals with pre-existing health conditions or weakened immune systems are at higher risk of experiencing severe complications from avian flu.

Mode of transmission of bird flu

As I’ve said, avian flu viruses primarily circulate among birds, particularly wild waterfowl such as ducks and geese. However, they can also infect domestic poultry, including chickens and turkeys. Humans typically contract bird flu through direct or indirect contact with infected birds or their contaminated environments.

Vigilance in practicing good hygiene, such as frequent handwashing, avoiding close contact with sick birds, and thoroughly cooking poultry products, is essential in reducing the risk of avian flu transmission to humans.