David Pérez, neurologist: “These are the signs we shouldn’t ignore”

Dr. David Pérez is a leading figure in the field of neurology. With more than 20 years of clinical experience treating complex neurological disorders, he trained in this medical specialty at Hospital 12 de Octubre in Madrid and at the Neurology Department of Indiana University in the United States.

He is currently a professor of neurology at the Complutense University of Madrid School of Medicine, president of the Madrid Neurology Association, and director of the neurology departments at both La Luz and 12 de Octubre hospitals. In addition, he has contributed to more than a dozen books on the subject, published around 100 scientific articles in medical journals, and conducts research in several areas related to dementia and Alzheimer’s disease.

On March 18, the neurologist released his new book, ‘Cuida tu salud cerebral’ (Take Care of Your Brain Health), which he describes as a guide “to aging without cognitive decline.”

At a time when Alzheimer’s and dementia are among the public’s greatest health concerns, David Pérez sheds light on the issue by explaining how the brain works, what distinguishes normal aging from neurodegenerative disorders, and which warning signs should never be overlooked. Up to 40% of cases of cognitive decline could potentially be prevented or delayed by addressing modifiable risk factors throughout life.

Recognizing concerning cognitive changes

While it is true that aging naturally brings certain changes in cognitive ability, there are warning signs we should not ignore because they “could be early indicators of more serious problems.”

“Not every lapse in memory or moment of absentmindedness is cause for concern. Forgetting the name of someone you just met or misplacing your keys can be perfectly normal. However, there are important differences we need to recognize,” Dr. Pérez emphasizes.

One of the earliest red flags is difficulty carrying out everyday tasks. Activities that once seemed simple, such as planning meals or managing finances, may start to become unexpectedly challenging. Memory problems that interfere with daily life are another concern, such as forgetting important information, frequently missing appointments, or being unable to recall recent events later on.

“Especially when these problems are frequent, progressive, and begin to interfere with daily life,” the neurologist explains.

Disorientation in time or place should also raise concern. “Getting lost in familiar places or having trouble identifying the date or where you are” can be significant warning signs.

Another important signal is a change in personality or judgment. “If someone who was once sociable and active becomes withdrawn or suspicious, or even starts behaving inappropriately, those can all be clear warning signs,” he adds.

Finally, language difficulties or trouble following conversations can also be telling. “Having trouble finding words or repeating phrases excessively may reflect a decline in cognitive processing. It’s important to understand that it’s not unusual for any of us to struggle to remember the name of an acquaintance. The issue becomes more serious when it is frequent and progressively worsens.”

Detecting these kinds of changes early not only makes an accurate diagnosis more likely, but also opens the door to interventions that may help slow cognitive decline.

“If any symptom causes concern, it is reasonable to consult a healthcare professional to understand what may be happening,” Pérez concludes.